rhd
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It could be, I had considered that awhile back but Nd:YAG is notoriously finicky compared to Nd:YVO4, which is why the vast majority of green lasers now use YVO4. 473nm is generated by doubling Nd:YAG, and it's fairly stable but highly inefficient.. The 1319nm line in YAG isn't as strong as the 946nm line as I recall and neither is nearly as strong as the obvious 1064nm line.
Plus there's the timing of their appearance.. 594nm lasers were around in hobbyist hands for a good while before 589nm became popular, and it became popular due to the higher powers over 594nm that are possible. I see a technological development there, something became practical with common components that wasn't previously. 594nm is a very inefficient process, as is 473nm generation. For summing Nd:YAG to be used for 589nm would surprise me a little, but it's not impossible. To me 589nm has YVO4 written all over it.. certainly could be wrong though.
What are YVO4's lines? I know of 1064, and I think 915 and 1340 are there also. I don't know how you could double any of that to get 589.... yet 1064 and 1319 sum perfectly to get 589.
That's too much of a coincidence, so I'm sticking with my original answer. I would be willing to put my money on 589 being a sum of 1064 and 1319, not a doubling of anything in YVO4.
EDIT: And you mentioned 594 predating 589. Isn't 594 a summing of 1064 and 1342? In which case, the "technological development" that you mentioned would be as simple as them having found that the 1319 line instead of the 1342 line was usable to achieve 589 instead of 594.
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