Not sure if the noise analogy is entirely correct as I don't have good knowledge regarding the way that eyes work, and whether cells are actually killed on with low level flash blindness as they are with a loud noise. Afaik the primary difference is if you do experience that tinnitus ringing, the damage is permanent. With eyes however the reason for the afterimage or temporary blind spot is that the cells are bleached, but do not suffer permanent damage unless there is enough energy being transmitted for thermal damage. Meaning that if you do recover vision after a few seconds, no permanent damage is done. Definitely something that deserves some more consideration and research.
What I can tell you is that a flashlight is capable being registered by a tec based lpm, at over a foot... while the diffuse reflection of a 1W 445nm isn't. Still, looking at the dot of a powerful 445nm should be uncomfortable enough, where I don't see how it could be an issue.
Personally I don't look at the dots of over 5mW lasers at a distance of less than ~5 feet. It's just not comfortable... but lack of comfort is not the same as danger.
Hope that made some sense... I'll organize my thoughts a bit more later.