Oh man. This is my area of expertise. I'll be back in a bit, but feel free to PM specific questions.
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Edit:
Okay, I've assessed the ~$150ish eBay telescopes. Some look decent, and some look so-so. Most of them are NOT what I'd recommend to a beginner though.
If you're totally new to astronomy and want to see cool stuff, you should start off with a good pair of binoculars before buying a scope. If you really get into using a telescope without binoculars, you're going to regret not having them for some views. I think the 60mm or 70mm Celestron brand binos you can get off of Amazon are pretty great for the price. You should find them new for a lot less than $150.
My club and I usually recommend scanning the Milky Way's band in the summer sky with something like these. You'll be surprised at what you find. The 70mm and bigger can give pretty good views of Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, and Venus as well. Be aware that 70mm and above can get hard to hold steady, but most can be mounted on camera tripods or even more advanced mounts if you'd like. Download a good astronomy phone app or get star charts that tell you what's best and brightest in the night sky, and you'll be able to find them with binoculars like these.
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Now, if you're set on a telescope, you should go for a dobsonian/alt-az mounted newtonian reflector. They give you the most optical bang for your buck, and the mount is much easier for beginners to set up and use than the equatorial mounts companies like to pedal on beginner scopes. You won't get anything particularly spectacular vs the binos for around $150 though.
Probably the best I usually see are the over 100mm Celestron FirstScope, Orion SkyScanner, and Meade LightBridge tabletop setups. They'll give you very slightly better and brighter views with the option to change eyepieces, but I wouldn't really recommend them unless you only want to take a slight step above binoculars. If you want to go over $300 though, you can get some pretty good small scopes.
Edit 2: Just another FYI, the Celestron SkyMaster binoculars are specifically intended for astronomy, but most decent binoculars in the same price range will do just as well.